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首頁技術(shù)支持 測量時鐘振蕩器Cardinal頻率穩(wěn)定性

測量時鐘振蕩器Cardinal頻率穩(wěn)定性

來源：http://diginow.com.cn 作者：康比電子 2023年09月06
Cardinal Clock Oscillator Stability
Cardinal時鐘振蕩器穩(wěn)定性

Measuring Clock Oscillator Frequency Stability
測量時鐘振蕩器頻率穩(wěn)定性

Oscillators exhibit a number of frequency/period instabilities. Manufacturers generally specify their oscillators in terms of short term, long term, and environmental frequency stability.
振蕩器表現(xiàn)出許多 頻率/周期不穩(wěn)定性。 制造商通常會指定他們的石英晶體振蕩器在短期內(nèi)長期、長期和環(huán)境頻率穩(wěn)定性

Environmental stability reflects the effects of temperature, vibration, power supply variations, and other environmental factors on an oscillator’s output frequency or phase. Figure 1 is an example of the stability of a clock oscillator during warmup from a cold start. The actually oscillator output is shown in Trace 2. The lower trace (trace B) is the trend of mean internal temperature (1mV = 1° C). It shows that during startup the internal temperature increases by about 8° C over a period of 2000 seconds. During that time the average change in the oscillators period is about ±25 ps. This is read in trace C which contains the smoothed measurement of the trend of time interval error at level (tie@lv) . Time interval error at level measures the time difference of an oscillator’s measured period from an ideal period. Trace A, the trend of tie @lv, is overlaid on the smoothed trace. It shows a peak to peak variation of slightly more than ±100 ps. Temperature variation has little effect on this oscillator.
環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性反映了溫度、振動、電源變化和其他環(huán)境因素對振蕩器輸出頻率或相位的影響。圖1是時鐘振蕩器在冷啟動預(yù)熱期間的穩(wěn)定性示例。實際振蕩器輸出如圖2所示。較低的軌跡（軌跡B）是平均內(nèi)部溫度（1mV=1°C）的趨勢。它表明，在啟動過程中，內(nèi)部溫度在2000秒內(nèi)增加了約8°C。在這段時間內(nèi)，石英晶體振蕩器周期的平均變化約為±25 ps。這在軌跡C中讀取，軌跡C包含對水平上時間間隔誤差趨勢的平滑測量(tie@lv)。電平上的時間間隔誤差測量振蕩器的測量周期與理想周期的時間差。軌跡A（tie@lv的趨勢）覆蓋在平滑軌跡上。它顯示出略高于±100 ps的峰間變化。溫度變化對這個振蕩器幾乎沒有影響

Long term stability, illustrated in figure 2, involves a gradual drift in oscillator timing. Long term stability generally includes oscillator aging but excludes environmentally induced drift. Aging, in crystal oscillator is caused by a variety of electromechanical mechanisms. Long term stability is usually expressed in parts per million or ppm. A typical specification of 10 ppm means that over a 1 ms interval the clock period can change by 10 ns: △t=1ms*(10/1,000,000) =10 ns
長期穩(wěn)定性，如所示 圖2涉及一個逐漸漂移振蕩器定時。長期的穩(wěn)定性通常包括振蕩器老化，但不包括環(huán)境引起的漂移。老化，在晶體振蕩器中引起通過各種機電 機制。長期穩(wěn)定性 通常用份/來表示 百萬或百萬分之一。10 ppm的典型規(guī)格意味著 在1毫秒的時間間隔內(nèi)，時鐘 周期可以變化10 ns:△t=1ms*(10/1,000,000) =10ns

Short term stability is a function of noise signals within the oscillator and represents a phase modulation of the oscillator output. Short term stability can be specified in the time domain as jitter. The greatest drawback to this method of specifying short term stability is that it is dependent of the measurement interval. The longer the measurement observation time the greater the peak to peak jitter magnitude. Figure 3 shows a typical jitter measurement of a 400 MHz Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) oscillator. The mean or average period is 2.4999 ns with an rms jitter (sigma) of 7 ps and a peak to peak jitter (range) of 35 ps. Note that the manufacturer of this oscillator specifies that peak to peak jitter for a measurement duration of 1000 cycles.
短期穩(wěn)定性是一個函數(shù)振蕩器中的噪聲信號，代表一個貼片石英晶振相位振蕩器輸出的調(diào)制。短期穩(wěn)定性可以是 在時域中指定為 抖動。最大的缺點是 這種指定short的方法術(shù)語穩(wěn)定性在于它依賴于測量間隔。 測量觀察時間越長 峰峰值抖動幅度。 圖3顯示了典型的抖動 400 MHz的測量 表面聲波 振蕩器。平均值或平均數(shù) 均方根周期為2.4999 ns 7 ps的抖動(σ)和峰值 峰值抖動(范圍)為35 ps。 請注意，制造商這個振蕩器指定了那個峰值 為了測量峰值抖動 1000個周期的持續(xù)時間。

Many manufacturers minimize the observation time dependency by specifying the oscillator short term stability in terms of the Allan Variance. The Allan Variance uses the frequency difference between adjacent frequency measurements, usually made with a frequency counter, to compute the variance of oscillator output frequency.
許多制造商盡量減少 觀察時間相關(guān)性 通過指定振蕩器短路 根據(jù)Allan方差的項穩(wěn)定性。艾倫方差 使用頻率差 相鄰頻率之間 測量，通常使用 一個頻率計數(shù)器，用來計算振蕩器輸出的方差 頻率。

Short term stability can also be specified in the frequency domain as phase noise. Phase noise characterizes the shape of the frequency spectrum of the oscillator. A typical phase noise specification is –100 dbC at 10 kHz offset from the carrier. Phase noise can be measured using a narrowband FFT spectrum analyzer (12-16 bit amplitude resolution) or a dedicated phase noise measurement system.
短期穩(wěn)定性也可以 在頻域中指定 作為相位噪聲。相位噪聲 表征的形狀振蕩器的頻譜。典型相位噪聲 10時的規(guī)格為–100 dbC 與載波的kHz偏移。 石英晶振相位噪聲可以使用窄帶FFT頻譜來測量 分析器(12-16位振幅 分辨率)或?qū)Ｓ秒A段 噪聲測量系統(tǒng)。

The greatest strength of the LeCroy jitter and timing analysis package is the ability to study both long term and short term variations in oscillator timing. Long memory and SmartTriggers make it easy to acquire and display this data Specialized jitter measurements combined with the capability to measure and correlate the effects of other parameters such as temperature or supply voltage are ideal for evaluating environmental stability
勒羅伊抖動和時序分析的最大優(yōu)勢包是學(xué)習(xí)的能力 長期和短期振蕩器定時的變化。 長記憶和智能觸發(fā)器 使采集和顯示這種數(shù)據(jù)變得容易專門抖動 測量值與 能夠測量和關(guān)聯(lián)溫度或電源電壓等其他參數(shù)的影響是評估環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性的理想選擇。

原廠編碼 品牌 系列 Description描述
CPPC5-A7BP-80.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 80.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7LZ-A7BR-36.864TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 36.864MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPLC7LT-BR-100.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPPL OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-B6-64.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 64.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7LZA7BP-25.0000TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7LZA7BP-3.579540TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 3.57954MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7LZA7BP-3.68640TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 3.6864MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7LZ-A7BP-14.318TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 14.318MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BR-66.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 66.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BR-8.192TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 8.192MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-B6-40.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 40.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BR-180.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 180.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-63.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 63.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BR-66.0PD Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 66.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-11.0592TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 11.0592MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5B6-11.059TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 11.0592MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BR-30.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 30.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7B6-130.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 130.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5B6-18.432TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 18.432MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5B6-22.1184TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 22.1184MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BP-28.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 28.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7B6-16.0PD Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 16.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BP-100.0PD Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BP-100.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BP-2.048TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 2.048MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BP-25.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-12.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 12.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BP-25.1658TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 25.1658MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BP-31.25TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 31.25MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BR-32.768TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 32.768MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BR-200.0TS 進口晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 200.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BP-60.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 60.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BP-62.5TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 62.50MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-125.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 125.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BP-66.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 66.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BR-16.896TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 16.896MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BR-33.3333TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 33.3333MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BR-24.4196TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 24.4196MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BR-210.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 210.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BR-24.6945TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 24.6945MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BR-25.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 25.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BR-40.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 40.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-16.0000TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 16.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BR-34.56TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 34.56MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BR-40.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 40.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A5BR-62.208TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 62.208MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BR-10.368TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 10.368MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7B6-24.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 24.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-100.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 100.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-62.5TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 62.50MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BR-28.63636TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 28.63636MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BP-25.175TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 25.175MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BR-32.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 32.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BR-20.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 20.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-78.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 78.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7B6-16.384TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 16.384MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BP-29.4912TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 29.4912MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-8.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 8.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BP-3.6864PD Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 3.6864MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7B6-22.0000TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 22.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-81.92TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 81.92MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BR-211.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 211.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BR-40.32TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 40.32MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BP-30.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 30.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BR-28.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 28.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BR-40.5PD Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 40.50MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-2.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 2.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BP-32.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 32.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BP-4.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 4.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BR-50.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 50.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-B6-14.318TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 14.318MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-B6-16.384TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 16.384MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-49.152TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 49.152MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7L-A7BP-50.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 50.000MHZ CMOS SMD
CPPC7-A7BR-30.0TS Cardinal晶振 FIPO™ CPP OSC XO 30.000MHZ CMOS SMD




 
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